ClCN Lewis Structure in 6 Steps (With Images) (2024)

So you have seen the above image by now, right?

Let me explain the above image in short.

ClCN lewis structure has a Carbon atom (C) at the center which is surrounded by Chlorine atom (Cl) and Nitrogen atom (N). There is 1 single bond between the Carbon (C) & Chlorine (Cl) atom and 1 triple bond between the Carbon (C) & Nitrogen (N).

If you haven’t understood anything from the above image of ClCN lewis structure, then just stick with me and you will get the detailed step by step explanation on drawing a lewis structure of ClCN molecule.

So let’s move to the steps of drawing the lewis structure of ClCN.

Steps of drawing ClCN lewis structure

Step 1: Find the total valence electrons in ClCN molecule

In order to find the total valence electrons in an ClCN molecule, first of all you should know the valence electrons present in chlorine atom, carbon atom as well as nitrogen atom.
(Valence electrons are the electrons that are present in the outermost orbit of any atom.)

Here, I’ll tell you how you can easily find the valence electrons of chlorine, carbon as well as nitrogen using a periodic table.

Total valence electrons in ClCN molecule

→ Valence electrons given by chlorine atom:

Chlorine is group 17 element on the periodic table. ^[1] Hence the valence electrons present in chlorine is 7.

You can see the 7 valence electrons present in the chlorine atom as shown in the above image.

→ Valence electrons given by carbon atom:

Carbon is group 14 element on the periodic table. ^[2] Hence the valence electrons present in carbon is 4.

You can see the 4 valence electrons present in the carbon atom as shown in the above image.

→ Valence electrons given by nitrogen atom:

Nitrogen is a group 15 element on the periodic table. ^[3] Hence the valence electrons present in nitrogen is 5.

You can see the 5 valence electrons present in the nitrogen atom as shown in the above image.

Hence,

Total valence electrons in ClCN molecule = valence electrons given by 1 chlorine atom + valence electrons given by 1 carbon atom + valence electrons given by 1 nitrogen atom = 7 + 4 + 5 = 16.

Step 2: Select the central atom

For selecting the center atom, you have to remember that the atom which is less electronegative remains at the center.

Now here the given molecule is ClCN and it contains chlorine atom (Cl), carbon atom (C) and nitrogen atom (N).

You can see the electronegativity values of chlorine atom (Cl), carbon atom (C) and nitrogen atom (N) in the above periodic table.

If we compare the electronegativity values of chlorine atom (Cl), carbon atom (C) and nitrogen atom (N) then the carbon atom is less electronegative.

So here the carbon atom (C) is the center atom and the chlorine atom (Cl) and nitrogen atom (N) are the outside atoms.

Step 3: Connect each atoms by putting an electron pair between them

Now in the ClCN molecule, you have to put the electron pairs between the chlorine atom (Cl), carbon atom (C) and nitrogen atom (N).

This indicates that the chlorine atom (Cl), carbon atom (C) and nitrogen atom (N) are chemically bonded with each other in a ClCN molecule.

Step 4: Make the outer atoms stable

Now in this step, you have to check the stability of the outer atoms.

Here in the sketch of ClCN molecule, you can see that the outer atoms are chlorine atom and nitrogen atom.

These outer chlorine and nitrogen atoms are forming an octet and hence they are stable.

Also, in step 1 we have calculated the total number of valence electrons present in the ClCN molecule.

The ClCN molecule has a total 16 valence electrons and all these valence electrons are used in the above sketch.

Hence there are no remaining electron pairs to be kept on the central atom.

So now let’s proceed to the next step.

Step 5: Check the octet on the central atom. If it does not have octet, then shift the lone pair to form a double bond or triple bond.

In this step, you have to check whether the central carbon atom (C) is stable or not.

In order to check the stability of the central carbon (C) atom, we have to check whether it is forming an octet or not.

Unfortunately, the carbon atom is not forming an octet here. Carbon has only 4 electrons and it is unstable.

Now to make this carbon atom stable, you have to shift the electron pair from the outer nitrogen atom so that the carbon atom can have 8 electrons (i.e octet).

(Note: Here you have 2 choices. You can shift electron pair either from chlorine or from nitrogen. But halogens generally form a single bond. So here you should shift the electron pair from nitrogen.)

But after shifting one electron pair, the carbon atom is still not forming an octet as it has only 6 electrons.

So again we have to shift one more electron pair from the nitrogen atom only.

After shifting this electron pair, the central carbon atom will get 2 more electrons and thus its total electrons will become 8.

You can see from the above picture that the carbon atom is forming an octet.

And hence the carbon atom is stable.

Now let’s proceed to the final step to check whether the lewis structure of ClCN is stable or not.

Step 6: Check the stability of lewis structure

Now you have come to the final step in which you have to check the stability of lewis structure of ClCN molecule.

The stability of lewis structure can be checked by using a concept of formal charge.

In short, now you have to find the formal charge on chlorine (Cl), carbon (C) atom as well as nitrogen (N) atoms present in the ClCN molecule.

For calculating the formal charge, you have to use the following formula;

Formal charge = Valence electrons – (Bonding electrons)/2 – Nonbonding electrons

You can see the number of bonding electrons and nonbonding electrons for each atom of ClCN molecule in the image given below.

For Chlorine (Cl) atom:
Valence electrons = 7 (because chlorine is in group 17)
Bonding electrons = 2
Nonbonding electrons = 6

For Carbon (C) atom:
Valence electrons = 4 (because carbon is in group 14)
Bonding electrons = 8
Nonbonding electrons = 0

For Nitrogen (N) atom:
Valence electrons = 5 (because nitrogen is in group 15)
Bonding electrons = 6
Nonbonding electrons = 2

From the above calculations of formal charge, you can see that the chlorine (Cl) atom, carbon (C) atom as well as nitrogen (N) atom have a “zero” formal charge.

This indicates that the above lewis structure of ClCN is stable and there is no further change in the above structure of ClCN.

In the above lewis dot structure of ClCN, you can also represent each bonding electron pair (:) as a single bond (|). By doing so, you will get the following lewis structure of ClCN.

I hope you have completely understood all the above steps.

For more practice and better understanding, you can try other lewis structures listed below.

Try (or at least See) these lewis structures for better understanding: